Biblioteca comunale dell'Archiginnasio, Bologna

Heraldry in the Stabat Mater, Biblioteca comunale dell'Archiginnasio, Bologna. Photo by Renée DeVoe Mertz.

Built between 1562–63 to house Bologna’s university, the Archiginnasio Palace is now home to the Communal Library and historic Anatomical Theater, as well as the world’s “largest existing wall heraldic complex.” A single ticket grants visitors access to the theater and specific sections of the library, both on the upper floor. Highlights include entrance into the richly decorated and book-lined Stabat Mater room as well as a peek into the classrooms-turned-library-storage Historic Halls.

For more historical and visitor information on the Archiginnasio, see the Biblioteca comunale website.

Upper loggia of the Archiginnasio, Bologna. Photo by Renée DeVoe Mertz.

Detail of the decoration in the Stabat Mater, Biblioteca comunale dell'Archiginnasio, Bologna. Photo by Renée DeVoe Mertz.

Heraldry-lined staircase in the Archiginnasio, Bologna. Photo by Renée DeVoe Mertz.

Alternative view of the heraldry in the upper loggia of the Archiginnasio, Bologna. Photo by Renée DeVoe Mertz.

Walls of the Archiginnasio, Bologna. Photo by Renée DeVoe Mertz.

Anton Giulio Bragaglia, Il pittore Giacomo Balla, c. 1915. Part of a hallway exhibition of Bragaglia’s photographs in the Archiginnasio, Bologna. Photo by Renée DeVoe Mertz.

View of the Historic Halls, the former classrooms that now store the library’s holdings. Photo by Renée DeVoe Mertz.

Piccolomini Library, Siena

Detail of Pinturicchio’s Departure to the Council of Basel in the Piccolomini Library, Siena. Photo by Renée DeVoe Mertz.

Between its inlaid marble floors, soaring architecture, striking black and white columns, and densely decorated nave, Siena’s Duomo is an impressive structure by any measure. But perhaps its greatest jewel is the room known as the Piccolomini Library.

Then-Cardinal Francesco Todeschini Piccolomini, archbishop of Siena, commissioned the addition around 1492 in honor of his uncle, Pope Pius II (aka, Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini, 1405–64). Pinturicchio and his workshop frescoed the three windowless walls with ten discrete scenes from the life of Pius II and painted the ceiling in a brilliant clamoring of grotesques, allegorical figures, and mythological vignettes. Cardinal Todeschini Piccolomini also purchased the Roman marble sculpture of three graces (copied after a Hellenistic original) standing at the room’s center.

The library’s original purpose was to house the manuscript and printed book collection assembled by Pius II in Rome. Today, it continues as a museum of 15th century illuminated manuscripts and its own stunning frescoes.

For more information, check out the website for Siena’s Opera della Metropolitana.

Vaulted ceiling of the Piccolomini Library decorated with grotesques. Cardinal Francesco Todeschini Piccolomini, archbishop of Siena, commissioned the library’s construction around 1492; Pinturicchio and his workshop painted the ceiling and the walls’ frescoes over a decade later, from 1503–08. Photo by Renée DeVoe Mertz.

Detail of a panel featuring putti and grotesques around a mythological scene, from the ceiling of the Piccolomini Library. Photo by Renée DeVoe Mertz.

Pinturicchio, Departure to the Council of Basel, first of the ten Scenes from the Life of Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini in the Piccolomini Library, Siena. Photo by Renée DeVoe Mertz.

Pinturicchio, Scenes from the Life of Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini around the Roman marble sculpture of Three Graces in the Piccolomini Library, Siena. Photo by Renée DeVoe Mertz.

Detail from one of the 15th century illuminated codices on display in the Piccolomini Library. Photo by Renée DeVoe Mertz.

Don’t forget to look down. 19th century floor tiles in the Piccolomini Library made by Ginori porcelain works. Photo by Renée DeVoe Mertz.